Effective culture of the new employees Term Paper

Effective culture of the new employees - Term Paper Example The world of work has rapidly been changing; changes appear to be happening more drastically. As part of an industrial organization, the human resource management (HRM) has to deal with a numerous effects in the changing world of work. This means that an organization does suffer implications like globalization, work force diversity, technological changes, changing skills requirement, employment involvement, continuous improvement initiatives and labour shortages (Bradley, 1998). New employee orientation covers the activities involved in introducing a new employee to the organizations up to one’s work unit. It expands on the information received during the recruitment and selection stages and helps to reduce the initial anxiety one feels when beginning a new job. The orientation program should familiarize the new member with the organizations objectives, history, philosophy, procedures and rules. It should communicate relevant policies such as work hours, pay procedures, overtime requirements and company benefits. Functions of a culture includes: Creating distinction between one organization and others, conveying a sense of identity for organizations members and facilitating the generation of commitment to something longer than other individual’s interest. It also enhances the stability of social system. More so employees do look up to the top management’s behaviour as a bench mark for defining appropriate behaviour. As such, culture communicates ethical expectations in an organization. The code of ethics are effectively designed and disseminated to avoid ambiguities in an organization. The code of ethics therefore, should state the organization’s primary values and ethical rules that employees are expected to follow. Dissemination is through; providing ethical training, setting up seminars, workshops and ethical training programs

Satyam Scam Essay Example for Free

Satyam Scam Essay Mahindra Satyam (formerly Satyam Computer Services) is an Indian IT services company based in Hyderabad, India. It was founded in 1987 by B Ramalinga Raju. Mahindra Satyam is a part of the Mahindra Group which is one of the top 10 industrial firms based in India. The company offers consulting and information technology (IT) services spanning various sectors, and is listed on the Pink Sheets, the National Stock Exchange (India) and Bombay Stock Exchange (India). In June 2009, the company unveiled its new brand identity â€Å"Mahindra Satyam† subsequent to its takeover by the Mahindra Group’s IT arm, Tech Mahindra on April 13, 2009. Satyam, a SEI-CMM Level 5 company, offers a range of expertise in the areas of Information Technology Software Development Services, Systems Integration, ERP Solutions, Product Development, Internet access hosting services, Electronic Commerce and Consulting. Satyam has nearly 6,000 IT professionals, who operate out of its state-of-the-art software development centers located in India, the USA, Japan, Singapore and the UK. These Centers work as an extended enterprise (IT partner) for over 150 Fortune 500 and multinational clients worldwide. Satyam, a multifaceted, totally integrated IT solutions provider is engaged in application development and maintenance, systems integration, datamarts, conversion and migration, Euro currency and engineering services (CADCAMCAE). It specializes in customized IT solutions for industries in the areas of Manufacturing, Financial services, Insurance, Transportation, Telecom,  Healthcare and Power. The company also offers Network and network-enabled services in India. It provides Internet access hosting services, Intranet, e-mail, EDI, store forward, and online information services. In the year 2001, Satyam Computer Services and the US-based Idea EDGE Ventures entered into an alliance to set up a 50:50 joint venture Satyam Idea EDGE Technologies to focus on business emerging from mobile Internet convergence. In 2001, the company was awarded IMC Ram krishna Bajaj National Award Trophy in the service category .The launch of its operation in China. WHAT WENT WRONG WITH SATYAM? Till about two decades ago corporate governance was relatively an unknown subject. The subject came into prominence in the late 80’s and early 90’s when the corporate sector in many countries was surrounded with problems of questionable corporate policies or unethical practices. Junk Bondfiasco of USA and failure of Maxwell, BCCI and Polypeck in UK resulted in the beginning of codes and standards on corporate governance. The USA, UK and number of other developed countries reacted strongly to the corporate failures and codes standards on corporate governance came to the centre stage. Enron debacle in 2001 and number of other scandals involving large US companies such as the Tyco, Quest, Global Crossings, the World.Com and the exposure of auditing lacunae, which led to the collapse of the Andersen, triggered the reform process and resulted in the passing of the Public Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act of 2002 known as Sarbanes- Oxley (SOX) Act, 2002 in USA. PROBLEMS BEGIN:- Problems in Satyam begin when on December the 16th, 2008; its chairman Mr Ramalinga Raju, in a surprise move announced a $1.6 billion bid for two Maytas companies i.e. Maytas Infrastructure Ltd and Maytas Properties Ltd saying he wanted to deploy the cash available for the benefit of investors. The two companies have been promoted and controlled by Raju’s family. The thumbs down given by investors and the market forced him to retreat within 12 hours.2 Share prices plunges by 55% on concerns about Satyam’s corporate governance3. In a surprise move, the World Bank announced on December 23,  2008 that Satyam has been barred from business with World Bank4 for eight years for providing Bank staff with â€Å"improper benefits† and charged with data theft and bribing the staff.5 Share prices fell another 14% to the lowest in over 4 years. Satyam’s promoters, two brothers B ,Ramalinga Raju and B Rama Raju were arrested by the State of Andhra Pradesh police and the Central government took control of the tainted company.8 The Raju brothers were booked for criminal breach of trust, cheating, criminal conspiracy and forgery under the Indian Penal Code. The Central Government reconstituted Satyams board that included three-members, HDFC Chairman Deepak Parekh, Ex Nasscom chairman and IT expert Kiran Karnik and former SEBI member C . The Central Government added three more directors to the reconstituted Board i.e., CII chief mentor Tarun Das, former president of the Institute for Chartered Accountants (ICAI) TN Manoharan and LICs S Balakrishnan. A week after Satyam founder B Ramalinga Raju’s scandalous confession, Satyam’s auditors Price .Waterhouse finally admitted that its audit report was wrong as it was based on wrong financial statements provided by the Satyam’s management.9 On January 22, 2009, Satyam’s CFO Srinivas Vadlamani confessed to having inflated the number of employees by 10,000. He told CID officials interrogating him that this helped in drawing around Rs 20 crore per month from the related but fictitious salary accounts. Andhra Pradesh State CB-CID raided the house of Suryanarayana Raju, the youngest sibling of Ramalinga Raju who owned 4.3 per cent in Maytas Infra, and recovered sale deeds of different land purchases and development agreements.10 Senior partners S Gopalakrishnan and Srinivas Talluri of the auditing firm PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) were arrested for their alleged role in the Satyam scandal. The State’s CID police booked them, on charges of fraud (Section 42 0 of the IPC) and criminal conspiracy (120B). Now, they faced many challenges and the investigation ,like SFIO INVESTIGATION, CBI INVESTIGATION, SEC INVESTIGATION. JUDGEMENT:- Satyam fraud case: Supreme Court rejects Ramalinga Rajus plea:- The Supreme Court on Tuesday rejected the plea of former Satyam chairman B. Ramalinga Raju, seeking extension of tomorrows deadline for his surrender. The apex court had earlier cancelled Rajus bail and directed him to surrender by November 10. However, Raju had moved an application seeking extension of this deadline to surrender citing poor health. The application did not mention as to how much time he needed to surrender. Raju had merely sought reasonable extension. Raju, the founder of Satyam was arrested in January 2009 for one of Indias biggest corporate scams, worth more than 7000 crore. The apex court had earlier on October 1 issued notice to Raju on a petition by the CBI seeking cancellation of his bail granted by the Andhra Pradesh High Court. Raju was granted bail by the Andhra High Court in August. The CBI believes that Raju may try to tamper with evidence against him and influence witnesses. He has been charged under various sections of the Indian Penal Code including Section 120B for criminal conspiracy, under Section 409 for breach of trust, under Section 420 for cheating, and under Section 468 and Section 471 for forgery. Andhra Pradesh Police arrested Raju and his brother Rama Raju on January 9, 2010. Nine other accused, including top company officials and auditors, were also arrested in the case. (ANI) |Supreme Court upholds Monika Bedis conviction in fake passport case| National. The Supreme Court on Tuesday upheld the conviction of gangster Abu Salems girlfriend actress Monika Bedi in the fake passport case. The apex court bench rejected Monikas appeal that she could not be convicted in India as it would amount to double jeopardy since she had been convicted by the Portugal court for the same offence. The apex court bench comprising Justices B Sudershan Reddy and S S Nijjar passed the judgement, while dismissing Monikas appeal challenging her conviction. The Supreme Court, however, gave Monika Bedi some relief by reducing her sentence to period of jail term she had already undergone, which is two-and-half years. The Hyderabad sessions court had earlier sentenced Monika Bedi to five years term, which was later reduced to three years by the Andhra Pradesh High Court. Monika Bedi was caught in Portugal for travelling on a false passport to the name of Sana Malik Kamal.

J.B.Priestley’s play, An Inspector Calls :: English Literature

Inspector Calls –Coursework â€Å"An inspector calls† is considered a mystery play and is intended to force the audience to think about themselves and the society in which they live. However, it is written in an entertaining way. The play is set in 1912. This is two years before the First World War. The play was written in 1945 at the end of the Second World War. Priestly wanted society to learn from its mistakes. In 1912 there had been rigid class divisions, women were considered inferior and working conditions for the poor were often unbearable. At the end of the First World War, life did not improve much. Priestly was concerned that people should learn from the mistakes of the First World War. He felt that people should learn to look after one another. After the Second World War there were signs of change-Priestly felt that people should make the most of these changes and build a more caring society and welfare state. Mr Birling is a central character because he is the type of person Priestly wanted to teach a lesson. He is too concerned about his social standing, business interests and is totally selfish. He believes a man has to â€Å"look after number one† and â€Å"make his own way†. Mr Birling’s physical appearance is he is â€Å"heavy looking†; he is a man in his 50’s with good manners but rather narrow minded in his speech. He believes he is always right and every action him and his business do are the best that could have been done. He also believes that he works for the good of his family. He is heavy looking because he would stand out in a crowd with a big grey beard and I can imagine Mr Birling being overweight. Mr Birling likes to be in control. He likes to think he is the dominant force of the family. Maybe sometimes he is a bit too controlling. Sometimes he can be very bossy: â€Å"Give us the port Edna†. Often he acts like a snob. He thinks that men are superior to women and thinks he and his family are upper class. He treats women like he cannot trust them. Respect is something that he lacks to lower class people. The characters behave to him differently. His wife and children respect him and do not stand up to him: â€Å"just let me finish Eric!† The inspector does not treat him the same at all. Just because he is upper class the inspector speaks to him a normal person. This gives me the impression that the inspector feels that everyone should be treated

Welfare: A Government Program in the US

In the United States, the word â€Å"welfare† is familiar to everyone. People usually consider welfare as government programs that distribute public assistance to the poor and low income people. However, some people, who are able to work, take advantage of or depend too much on welfare, and they consider welfare as their main source of income. To stop their dependence on welfare, the government should put those who are on welfare into the labor area and keep them there. Besides, the government should change their way of thinking about welfare and make recipients realize the goal of work and self-sufficiency. In order to accomplish this change, the government should replace the existing welfare by education and training programs. Some welfare recipients depend too much and take advantage of welfare. The sponsors of immigrants must be responsible for taking care of their family. However, they refuse to take their responsibility, and they consider that welfare must help them. For example, one sponsor in Orange County, California placed her parents on welfare even though she owned a $450,000 home and easily could afford to provide for their well-being. However, she notified the welfare agency that her elderly parents either would have to start paying rent or move out (Smith 31). Besides, welfare pays substantially more than recipients could earn from entry-level job (Tanner et al. 22). That is the reason why welfare recipients do not likely to look for job. As a result, if people can earn the same income by either working or not working, most people will choose not to work. In contrast, other people such as elders, retarded or disabled individuals, and single parent deserve to receive government assistance; however, they do not get as much as they need because the government provides welfare to both deserving and undeserving people. This will create an unbalancing gap between people. Those who really need welfare can not get enough; meanwhile, others receive more than what they need. Therefore, the government should provide welfare to deserving people who really need assistance and jobs to those who are able to work. In the article â€Å"Welfare Pays Better, So Why Work? † of USA Today Magazine, the authors state â€Å"Nearly everyone agrees that a major goal should be to encourage recipients to leave the welfare rolls and enter the workforce† (Tanner et al. 22). In order to encourage recipients to enter the workforce, the government should limit welfare because welfare is a source of income which recipients do not have to work to earn, so why do they have to work? Besides, welfare recipients must realize that welfare only helps them in short period of time. After that they have to be on their own because there is no one else can help them forever. If there is less welfare, working becomes the only source of income which they can depend on. Indeed, limiting welfare is parallel with seeking job. Once welfare is limited, labor force is the only place where they can get help. In order to encourage recipients to work, the government should create employment programs which assist recipients to look for job, to train and to gain skills. Although the employment programs might cost the nation more money in short term, they will be worth it in the long term. First, the government should persuade private employers to create more job opportunities for welfare recipients, and also welfare recipients should be required to participate in education and training programs. Besides, more employment services and job search assistance should be establish to help welfare recipients to have an easier time finding jobs. In addition, welfare money should be used to subsidize for education and training programs because these programs can provide skills and train them in order to meet the new demands of the labor market and meet the employer's specific needs. Furthermore, unemployment offices would no longer distinguish between those who were recently laid off and those who have been on welfare. Each person would be evaluated on the basis of what services she or he needs in order to obtain employment. Hence, everyone all has same opportunity to enter the workforce. Instead of improving the welfare programs, the government should look at them as an opportunity to create a more comprehensive employment programs that would replace the old welfare and public assistance programs. For this to occur, the government should create education and training programs to provide skills and train people in order to ensure all those who want to work are able to do so. Besides, more employment services should be established to assist people to look for job easier, and private employment creates more jobs to encourage people to work. Also, equal opportunity should be applied to everyone. As a result, all these programs should be shared a single goal: to enable people to work.

The Crucible Quotes

â€Å"He believed he was being persecuted wherever he went, despite his best efforts to win people and God to his side† Miller about Parris and how he doesn’t belong to the community but belongs to religion pg13 â€Å"To the European world the whole province was a barbaric frontier inhabited by a sect of fanatics† Belonging to a place – Miller says this about Salem 13 â€Å"Their creed forbade anything resembling a theatre or ‘vain enjoyment’. † Miller says what belonging to a community/group can lead people to feel/do 14 A holiday from work meant only that they must concentrate even more upon prayer† Miller tells us about what THEOCRATIC society required 14 â€Å"This predilection for minding other people’s business was time-honoured among the people of Salem† Miller explains what it meant when people belonged to a community 14 â€Å"The edge of the wilderness was close by†¦and it was full of mystery for them. † Miller states that belonging to such a wild place may be reason for the witch hunts 14 â€Å"†¦the Salem folk believed that the virgin forest was the Devil’s last preserve, his home base and the citadel of his final stand†.This again shows that Miller believes that the location played a role in their beliefs. Highlights also their strong beliefs in religion and how theocracy ruled their society. 15 â€Å"†¦their church found it necessary to deny any other sect its freedom† Miller highlights that you either belonged with their church or didn’t belong at all. 15 â€Å"†¦the people of Salem developed a theocracy, a combine of state and religious power whose function was to keep the community together† Miller informs us, in the introduction, that Salem was theocratic and their intentions in it 16 †¦the people of Salem†¦[wanted] to prevent any kind of disunity that might open it to destruction by material or ideological enemies† This is, as Miller points out, the purpose of their theocratic society, but also gives reasons for what happened when people didn’t belong. 16 â€Å"when one rises above the individual villainy displayed, one can only pity them all, just as we shall be pitied one day† This is a clear link that Miller makes between the witch hunts of Salem and the communist witch hunts in mid century America 16 â€Å"a sense of confusion hangs about him†Stage directions that paint Parris as someone who doesn’t belong, from the very beginning 17 â€Å"trouble in this house usually lands on her back† Stage directions of act one tell us that Tituba, a slave from Barbados, does not belong in this community because she is different. 17 â€Å"Go directly home and speak nothing of unnatural causes† Parris says this to Susanna, highlighting his fear of being accused of not protecting their community, thereby not belonging to the community. 18 â€Å"U ncle, the rumour of witchcraft is all about; I think you best go down and deny it yourself† Abigail pleads with Parris to make amends.This also shows that she has great power, or at least thinks she does. Parris, terrified of not being accepted in his relatively new community decides against it. 18 â€Å"And what shall I say to them? That my daughter and my niece I discovered dancing like heathen in the forest? † Parris highlights his fear of not being accepted but also the fact that his own family are shunning accepted protocol, thereby not belonging. 19 â€Å"But if you trafficked with spirits in the forest I must know it, for surely my enemies will, and they will ruin be with it. † Parris is once again worried about never being accepted. 9 â€Å"There is a faction that is sworn to drive me from my pulpit† Parris is clear that he feels an outsider in his own community. The community he should effectively be head of seeing as it is theocratic and he is a reverend. 19 â€Å"I saw Tituba waving her arms over the fire when I came on you. Why was she doing that? † Parris questions the power Tituba has to change the girls because she isn’t trusted and is an outsider. 19 â€Å"She were swaying like a dumb beast over that fire! † Parris exclaims that not only is Tituba an outsider, she is also now compared to being an animal. 20 She always sings her Barbados songs, and we dance. † Abigail catches on quickly and realises that Tituba can easily be blamed for any indiscretions because she is already considered an outsider. Also shows that Abigail is manipulative and that she is the leader of the peer group of girls. 20 â€Å"I pray you feel the weight of truth upon you, for now my ministry’s at stake, my ministry and perhaps your cousin’s life. † Parris appeals to religion, the only thing he belongs to truly, and then fears not only for his daughter’s life but also him losing face in the community. 20 I have fought here three long years to bend these stiff-necked people to me, and now, just now when some good respect is rising for me in the parish, you compromise my character. † Parris is clear that the only thing that truly concerns him is reputation, name and being in charge. Not even his daughter’s life seems important. 20 â€Å"I would not be her slave†¦I will not black my face for any of them! † The juxtapositioning of colour here highlights that Tituba is an outsider in this community. 20 â€Å"†¦the Devil’s touch is heavier than sick. It’s death, y’know, it’s death drivin’ into them, forked and hoofed. Mrs Putnam prays on people’s fears of the devil 21 â€Å"Thomas, I pray you, leap not to witchcraft. I know that you – you least of all, Thomas, would ever wish so disastrous a charge laid upon me. † Parris, petrified that the Putnams, people with great influence, will ruin h im. 22 â€Å"They will howl me out of Salem for such corruption in my house. † Again, Parris is worried about being an outsider and losing face. 22 â€Å"Thomas Putnam felt that his own name and the honour of his family had been smirched by the village, and he meant to right matters however he could. Miller interjects in the drama and states that even Putnam worried about being an outsider 23 â€Å"So it is not surprising to find that many accusations against people are in the handwriting of Thomas Putnam†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Putnam, as Miller explains, decided to fight out first rather than have any suspicions land on him, against his name. 23 â€Å"Tituba knows how to speak to the dead, Mr Parris. † Mrs Putnam, also along with Abigail, knows to put blame on the one true outsider – Tituba. 23 â€Å"Oh Abigail, what proper payment for my charity! Now I am undone. Parris, not worried solely about his daughter’s life/death but that his reputation is done. 24 â €Å"They will topple me with this! † Again, Parris is worried about being finally cast out of the society/community 24 â€Å"I have no answer for that crowd. † Use of exclusive language â€Å"that† separates Parris from the rest of the community 24 â€Å"Let you strike out against the Devil, and the village will bless you for it! They’re thirsty for your word, Mister! † Putnam, using his influence, pleads with Parris to say something to the community. He is also astute enough to realise he should pray on Parris’ fear of exclusion. 4/25 â€Å"I’ll lead them in a psalm, but let you say nothing of witchcraft yet. I will not discuss it. † Parris as head of the theocratic society. 25 â€Å"Listen, now; if they be questioning us, tell them we danced – I told him as much already. † Abigail is now leading the peer group – calling the shots. 25 â€Å"What’ll we do? The village is out! The whole countryâ€⠄¢s talkin’ witchcraft! They’ll be callin’ us witches, Abby! † Mary Warren shows that she is frightened of the consequences of going outside of the community’s main traditions/culture and that she is trying to go against Abigail, unsuccessfully 25 Abby we’ve got to tell†¦witchery’s a hangin’ error†¦you’ll only be whipped for dancin’† Mary Warren tries to use high modal language to make a stand against the head of the peer group, again highlighting her fear. 26 â€Å"Oh, you’re a great one for lookin’ aren’t you Mary Warren? What a great peeping courage you have! † Conflict between Abigail and Mary Warren – putting her down and trying to cast her out of her peer group. Makes Mary Warren want to please her/win her over again, to stay with them. It’s safer that way. 26 â€Å"BETTY: You drank blood, Abby! You didn’t tell him that! ABIGAIL: Betty, you nev er say that again! You will never – BETTY: †¦you drank a charm to kill Goody Proctor. † The conflict in the peer group 26 â€Å"Now look you. All of you. We danced. And Tituba conjured Ruth Putnam’s dead sisters. And that is all. And mark this. Let either of you breathe a word, or the edge of a word, about the other things, and I will come to you in the black of some terrible night and I will bring a pointy reckoning that will shudder you. † The main threat that Abigail uses to stay in charge of the peer group and have people fear being an outsider. 26 I can make you wish you had never seen the sun go down! † Again, Abigail threatens to achieve her purpose, and have people fear going against her. 27 â€Å"He need not have been a partisan of any faction in the town†¦he was the kind of man – powerful of body, even-tempered and not easily led†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Miller introduces Proctor as someone who was able to stay outside of the peer gr oup and community and had the strength to remain true to his own convictions. 27 â€Å"Abby, I never give you hope to wait for me. † Proctor softly tells Abigail that their relationship is done and that he hasn’t wanted any more. 8 â€Å"Or did I dream that? It’s she put me out, you cannot pretend it were you. I saw your face when she put me out, and you loved me then and you do now! † Abigail pleads with Proctor showing what is driving her actions. Also highlights that Proctor has gone outside of his marriage. 29 â€Å"I have hardly stepped off my farm this seven-month†. Proctor makes it clear he is physically outside of his community and as a result can also be removed otherwise. 29 â€Å"She is blackening my name in the village! She is telling lies about me! She is a cold, snivelling woman, and you bend to her! Abigail’s tension/conflict with Goody Proctor. Worried about her name and reputation in the community. 30 â€Å"Francis had ori ginally rented the land, and one theory has it that, as he gradually paid for it and raised his social status, there were those who resented his rise. † Miller highlights that land ownership meant a lot for the community at the time 31 â€Å"I am sick of meetings; cannot the man turn his head without he have a meeting? † Proctor is discontent with the community and the way they must belong 33 â€Å"This will set us all to arguin’ again in the society, and we thought to have peace this year. Rebecca, the voice of reason, tries to placate the community; to make them all belong. 33 â€Å"We vote by name in this society, not by acreage. † Proctor, another voice of reason, says this about how they should belong in the community 33 â€Å"I never heard you worried so on this society, Mr Proctor. I do not think I saw you at Sabbath meeting since snow flew. † Putnam accuses Proctor of being an outsider because he doesn’t participate in the religious aspect of their theocratic society. 33 â€Å"There are many others who stay away from church these days because you hardly ever mention God any more. Proctor claims that there is no purpose in church since Parris arrived. He makes it unhappy and all about hell 34 â€Å"I regard that six pound a year as part of my salary. I am paid little enough without I spend six pound on firewood. † Parris is materialistic – doesn’t want to do anything unless it benefits him financially 34 â€Å"I do not fathom it, why am I persecuted here? I cannot offer one proposition but there be howling riot of argument. I have often wondered if the Devil be in it somewhere; I cannot understand you people otherwise. Parris using repeated personal pronoun to show that he feels persecuted in the society 34 â€Å"I do not wish to be put out like the cat whenever some majority feels the whim. † Parris uses simile to prove how he feels a complete outsider and the power of the communit y when someone does not belong. 35 â€Å"There is either obedience or the church will burn like Hell is burning! † Parris is clear in his mentality that you are either with the church or you are not 35 â€Å"†¦while there were no witches then, there are Communists and capitalists now†¦[who believe] that each side are at work undermining the other. Miller draws a direct parallel with the happenings in Salem and the communist fear in USA 39 â€Å"They must be; they are weighted with authority. † Hale uses this metaphor early on to show that he has great authority and even though an outsider is granted respect almost immediately. 40 â€Å"How can it be the Devil? Why would he choose my house to strike? We have all manner of licentious people in the village! † Parris wants to find himself a part of the community, particularly because he is the religious leader, but he does so by separating himself from the rest. 44 I never called him! Tituba, Tituba†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Abigail making the first of her allegations against Tituba and in doing so proving her strength in the peer group. People see what she is capable of. 45 â€Å"She made me do it! She made Betty do it! † High modal accusation towards Tituba. 45 â€Å"You beg me to conjure! She beg me make charm†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Tituba tries to fight against the allegations but is already an outsider and hasn’t got the chance to win. 46 â€Å"Sometimes I wake and find myself standing in the open doorway and not a stitch on my body! I always hear her laughing in my sleep.I hear her singing her Barbados songs and tempting me with†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Abigail again reinforces her position and shows how strong she is in terms of leading the peer group; sways the community against Tituba. 46 â€Å"You will confess yourself or I will take you out and whip you to your death, Tituba! † Parris gives Tituba a fairly unfair ultimatum and shows again that being an outsider is bad. He also imp lies that you need to be a strong person to stand by your own name and convictions in this community. 46 â€Å"No, no, don’t hang Tituba! I tell him I don’t desire to work for him, sir. Tituba realises she must go against the truth and convictions to stay alive. She goes along with Abigail’s stories and makes it seem as though she wants to stop. 46 HALE: You have confessed yourself to witchcraft, and that speaks a wish to come to Heaven’s side. TITUBA: Oh, God bless you, Mr Hale! HALE: †¦You are God’s instrument put in our hands to†¦cleanse our village. Hale uses the metaphor to prove that people within the community believe Abigail, but also that Tituba has the opportunity to belong for the first time. 48 â€Å"I want the light of God, I want the sweet love of Jesus!†¦ I saw Sarah Good with the Devil!I saw Goody Osburn with the Devil! I saw Bridget Bishop with the Devil! † The calling out – Abigail starts accusing and setting people as outsiders for nothing. 49 â€Å"A fireplace is at the left, and behind it a stairway leading upstairs†¦he swings a pot out of the fire and smells it. † Miller paints a domestic picture and then juxtaposes it with the frosty portrayal of marriage 51 â€Å"It’s as warm as blood beneath the clods. † An interesting description of the unseasonably warm ground Proctor provides his wife. 52 PROCTOR: If the crop is good I’ll buy George Jacob’s heifer. How would that please you?ELIZABETH: Aye, it would. PROCTOR: [with a grin] I mean to please you, Elizabeth. ELIZABETH: [it is hard to say] I know it, John. Highlights both Proctor’s need to belong in the marriage and Elizabeth’s difficulty 52 Her back is turned to him. He turns to her and watches her. A sense of their separation rises. The stage directions highlights the distance between Proctor and his wife. 52 â€Å"She frightened all my strength away†¦it is a mou se no more†¦ she says to me ‘I must go to Salem†¦I am an official of the court! ’† Elizabeth talks about how Mary Warren has changed as a result of her being a part of the group 53 Aye, it is a proper court they have now†¦there be fourteen people in jail now†¦and they’ll be tried, and the court have power to hang them too, she says. † Elizabeth recounts what Mary Warren has told her about the court and the exclusion of women from society 53 â€Å"The town’s gone wild, I think. She speak of Abigail, and I thought she were a saint, to hear her. Abigail brings the other girls into the court, and where she walks the crowd will part†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Repetition of Abigail’s name in Elizabeth’s recount of Mary’s story highlights that the focus is all around her at the moment. 53 â€Å"Oh, it is a black mischief. Proctor uses this metaphor to describe what influence Abigail has on this society, and how others are flocking to â€Å"belong† 53 â€Å"John, if it were not Abigail that you must go to hurt, would you falter now? I think not. † Elizabeth has not forgiven Proctor for his indiscretion and questions him about who and what he might belong to now. 55 â€Å"You will not judge me more, Elizabeth†¦you forget nothin’ and forgive nothin’. † Proctor attempts to use high modal language to demand Elizabeth’s respect but again, he is honest in showing that he no longer truly feels as though he belongs in his marriage. 5 â€Å"I come into a court when I come into this house! † Darkly comical metaphor used by Proctor to indicate he feels judged which limits his feelings of belonging in the marriage. 55 â€Å"Let you look sometimes for the goodness in me, and judge me not. † Again, focussing on the judgement he feels rather than belonging. 55 â€Å"I do not judge you. The magistrate sits in your heart that judges you. I never thought yo u but a good man, John. † Elizabeth tries to set Proctor right and uses the â€Å"heart† metaphor to imply he is the only one judging his actions and that he is limiting himself from belonging. 5 As though to compensate, Mary Warren goes to Elizabeth with a small rag doll. Miller makes it clear that the symbol used as Goody Proctor’s downfall is made known early on 56 â€Å"We must all love each other now, Goody Proctor. † Mary Warren says this in reaction to the strange situations they are now faced with 56 â€Å"I never knew it before, I never knew anything before. When she come into the court I say to myself, I must not accuse this woman†¦but then†¦I feel a misty coldness climbin’ up my back†¦and all at once I remembered everything she done to me! Mary Warren highlights the feelings that can overtake them during the court 57 â€Å"But the proof, the proof! † Proctor wants to be practical here. 58 â€Å"You must see it, sir , it’s God’s work we do. † Hale, and Mary Warren both proclaim this, referring to religion and what this society is based on. 58 â€Å"The Devil’s loose in Salem, Mr Proctor; we must discover where he’s hiding! † Hale, again referring to religion and the society 59 â€Å"There is a promise made in any bed – and she may dote on it now – I am sure she does – and thinks to kill me, then to take my place. Elizabeth points out to Proctor that his indiscretion led to a false sense of belonging for Abigail 60 â€Å"This is a strange time, Mister. No man may longer doubt the powers of the dark are gathered in monstrous attack upon this village. † Hale makes it clear that there is some â€Å"powers of the dark† but doesn’t say Devil – maybe understanding Abigail’s power? 62 â€Å"I note that you are rarely in the church on Sabbath Day. † A small detail noted by Hale ensures that Proctor i s seen as an outsider because of his lack of conforming to religious norms. 62 †¦and it [the bible] tells me that a minister may pray to God without he have golden candlesticks upon the altar. † Proctor complaining about Parris’ need to belong to objects/materialism 63 â€Å"I like it not that Mr Parris should lay his hand upon my baby. I see no light of God in that man. † Even for Proctor, Parris is an outsider 63 â€Å"There be no mark of blame upon my life, Mr Hale. I am a covenanted Christian woman. † Elizabeth states that she is trustworthy and honest because she is a good Christian woman – the basis of their society. 64 â€Å"Theology, sir, is a fortress; no crack in a fortress may be accounted small. Hale uses this metaphor to highlight the strength of religion; that you either belong to and with it or against it. But also implies in a way, that it is weak if compromised. 65 â€Å"And why not, if they must hang for denyin’ it? T here are them that will swear to anything before they’ll hang; have you never thought of that? † Proctor questions the very confessions the women keep making. 66 â€Å"My wife is the very brick and mortar of the church, Mr Hale. † Giles Corey uses this metaphor to highlight the insanity of his wife’s arrest 67 â€Å"Man, remember, until an hour before the Devil fell, God thought him beautiful in heaven. Hale’s powerful statement about the fall of good into evil. The way that even those that belong can then become isolated or alienated. 68 â€Å"†¦the Williams girl, Abigail Williams, sir. She sat to dinner in Reverend Parris’s house tonight, and without a word nor warnin’; she falls to the floor. Like a stuck beast, he says†¦stuck two inches in the flesh of her belly, he draw a needle out. † Cheever seemingly confused and alarmed by the discovery of the needle in the poppet. It highlights the lack of proof or manipulat ion of evidence. 70 â€Å"Why, she done it herself!I hope you’re not takin’ this for proof, Mister! † Proctor, again practical, and denying â€Å"proof† 70 â€Å"’Tis hard proof! † Cheever exclaims this. Shows the craziness of the situation; the way the beliefs of the majority can cause hysteria. 70 â€Å"I’ll tell you what’s walking Salem – vengeance is walking Salem. † 72 â€Å"I cannot charge murder on Abigail†¦she’ll kill me for sayin’ that! † 74 â€Å"I cannot†¦they’ll turn on me†¦I cannot do it, I cannot! † 74 As the curtain rises, the room is empty, but for the sunlight pouring through two high windows in the back wall. 77

Maria Sine#351;ti - prototipul personajului feminin icirc;n opera lui Camil Petrescu

Maria Sine#351;ti - prototipul personajului feminin icirc;n opera lui Camil Petrescu Piesa "Jocul Ielelor" are ca punct de plecare reacÂ…Â £iile suflete…Ÿti ale autorului care in mai 1916 asista la o b„ÂÆ'taie de flori la Sosea, in timp ce ziarele aruncate printre flori vorbesc despre Verdun.Drama a absolutului, scriitura ilustreaz„ÂÆ' in fond principiul camilpetrescian: "totul sau nimic" si axioma aceluia…Ÿi autor "cÂÆ' ¢ta luciditate atÂÆ' ¢ta drama". Gelu Ruscanu, protagonistul discursului dramatic, caut„ÂÆ' cu fervoare un sprijin in mi…Ÿcarea muncitoreasca pentru a rezolva unele probleme de ordin social in spiritul drept„ÂÆ'Â…Â £ii absolute intrÂÆ' ¢nd in contradicÂ…Â £ie cu normele si legile ce guverneaz„ÂÆ' societatea. F„ÂÆ'r„ÂÆ' s„ÂÆ' ÂÆ' ®nÂ…Â £eleag„ÂÆ' inutilitatea Â…Â £elului urm„ÂÆ'rit, incapabil sa fac„ÂÆ' vreo concesie, eroul sfÂÆ' ¢r…Ÿe…Ÿte sinucigÂÆ' ¢ndu-se. A…Ÿadar ca in majoritatea operelor sale dramatice si epice, obsedat de condiÂ…Â £ia intelectualului vremii, apelÂÆ' ¢nd constant la propria experienÂ…Â £a, Camil Petrescu procedeaz„ÂÆ' conform principiului enunÂ…Â £at de Henrik Ibsen, conform c„ÂÆ'ruia: "creaÂ…Â £ia mea este rezultatul st„ÂÆ'rii mele de spirit si al zilelor mele morale" si aidoma acestuia, Camil Petrescu si eroii pieselor sale sunt dominaÂ…Â £i de setea de absolut, de adev„ÂÆ'r si echitate, de justiÂ…Â £ie si dragoste.Silhoutte of Marichen Ibsen (1799-1869) as a young...Prieten cu Maria Sinesti, soÂ…Â £ia ministrului de justiÂ…Â £ie, Gelu Ruscanu afla dintr-o scrisoare a acesteia c„ÂÆ'tre el ca Saru Sinesti a omorÂÆ' ¢t o b„ÂÆ'trÂÆ' ¢na penru a intra mai repede in posesia averii sale. Decis sa publice scrisoarea indiferent de consecinÂ…Â £e (publicarea scrisorii ar compromite-o pe Maria), Ruscanu, intre timp, afla ca tat„ÂÆ'l sau, Grigore Ruscanu nu a murit, dup„ÂÆ' cum …Ÿtia el, in u rma unui accident, ci se sinucisese pentru o actriÂ…Â £a oarecare, fapt cunoscut de Saru Sinesti. ÂÆ'ÂŽncep tranzacÂ…Â £iile: in schimbul t„ÂÆ'cerii Sinesti ii propune eliberarea din ÂÆ' ®nchisoare a muncitorului Petre Boruga (grav bolnav); Praida ii cere sa accepte propunerea , dar acceptarea ar ÂÆ' ®nsemna abandonarea principiilor morale, chiar daca ea ar fii in sprijinul mi…Ÿc„ÂÆ'rii socialiste si ministrul ar continua sa funcÂ…Â £ioneze in pofida crimei odioase s„ÂÆ'vÂÆ' ¢r…Ÿite.Se na…Ÿte dilema: daca accepta tranzacÂ…Â £ia propusa devine complice "viata nu merita tr„ÂÆ'it„ÂÆ' cu un astfel de preÂ…Â £", daca ÂÆ' ®ncearc„ÂÆ' sa schimbe ceva, compromiterea ministrului, s-ar putea ca totul sa r„ÂÆ'mÂÆ' ¢n„ÂÆ' cum a fost , imorala sa fie neclintita, injustiÂ…Â £ia sa se perpetueze.In consecinÂ…Â £Ã‚„ÂÆ', intrat in mreaja nedumeririlor si a ÂÆ' ®ntreb„ÂÆ'rilor f„à ‚Æ'r„ÂÆ' r„ÂÆ'spuns, inapt sa g„ÂÆ'seasc„ÂÆ' o rezolvare, sa fac„ÂÆ' o concesie, sfÂÆ' ¢r…Ÿe…Ÿte iremediabil prin moarte: "Lumea asta din care iÂ…Â £i tragi hrana este atÂÆ' ¢t de abjecta ÂÆ' ®ncÂÆ' ¢t nu te accepta si nu te tolereaz„ÂÆ' decÂÆ' ¢t cu preÂ…Â £ul complicit„ÂÆ'Â…Â £ii?"Argumentul Mariei: "Nimic nu se ÂÆ' ®ntÂÆ' ¢mpla in lumea asta cum vrem noi... nimic nu are culorile pe care credem noi ca le are". Dar dÂÆ' ¢nd in vileag tainele ce le deÂ…Â £ine, Gelu Ruscanu ar lovi in primul rÂÆ' ¢nd in Maria, care ar deveni prada opiniei publice si ar lovi exact pe aceea pe care o iubise.Ceea ce-i spune Penciulescu l-ar putea dumiri: "ToÂ…Â £i sunt pe rÂÆ' ¢nd victime si calai. ToÂ…Â £i sunt legaÂ…Â £i intre ei, toÂ…Â £i sunt daca nu frate, veri, ori au stat pe aceea…Ÿi strada, sau au ÂÆ' ®nv„ÂÆ'Â…Â £at la aceea…Ÿi scoal„ÂÆ'..."In fata unei at are situaÂ…Â £ii, Gelu se ÂÆ' ®ntreab„ÂÆ' pe buna dreptate "Adic„ÂÆ' sa acoperim f„ÂÆ'r„ÂÆ'delegile trecute cu una noua?" . F„ÂÆ'r„ÂÆ' sa-si poat„ÂÆ' r„ÂÆ'spunde nici lui, nici celorlalÂ…Â £i , ÂÆ' ®ncepe sa se chinuie, sa se fr„ÂÆ'mÂÆ' ¢nte in disperare. El nu poate accepta ideea ca adev„ÂÆ'rul nu se ÂÆ' ®nf„ÂÆ'Â…Â £i…Ÿeaz„ÂÆ' niciodat„ÂÆ' pe de-a-ntregul , alb sau negru, nici complet pur, nici complet corupt. In consecinÂ…Â £a el spune : "Totul in lume este coruptibil... nimic nu e ÂÆ' ®ntreg si frumos... si nici nu poate deveni... toate se ÂÆ' ®mplinesc numai pana la o palma de p„ÂÆ'mÂÆ' ¢nt."Gelu Ruscanu militeaz„ÂÆ' pentru dreptate si justiÂ…Â £ie absoluta. El contesta lipsa de obiectivitate a legilor ce guverneaz„ÂÆ' in societate si o guverneaz„ÂÆ' pe aceasta.De…Ÿi drama este una individual„ÂÆ', a intelectualului tulburat de constrÃ‚Æ ' ¢ngerile morale ale societ„ÂÆ'Â…Â £ii, ea se extinde treptat …Ÿi asupra celorlalte personaje, apropiate acestuia.ÂÆ'ÂŽn contextul acÂ…Â £iunii dramei, apariÂ…Â £ia Mariei Sine…Ÿti, iubita de alt„ÂÆ'dat„ÂÆ', nu schimb„ÂÆ' cu nimic traiectoria personajului principal, de…Ÿi aceasta este femeia pe care o iubise cu patim„ÂÆ'. Ea este acum o necunoscut„ÂÆ', o str„ÂÆ'in„ÂÆ' cu care nu mai poate rezona afectiv …Ÿi moral. ÂÆ'ÂŽntÂÆ' ¢lnirea celor doi se produce prea tÂÆ' ¢rziu ca s„ÂÆ' mai aib„ÂÆ' un efect revigorant. Maria este …Ÿi ea o halucinat„ÂÆ', o exaltat„ÂÆ' care ÂÆ' ®Ã‚…Ÿi tr„ÂÆ'ie…Ÿte prezentul deprimant cu gÂÆ' ¢ndul la trecut, pentru ea, unul dintre cele mai importante lucruri fiind acum dac„ÂÆ' Gelu a iubit-o cu adev„ÂÆ'rat.Maria Sine…Ÿti se ÂÆ' ®ncadreaz„ÂÆ' prototipului personajului feminin camilpetrescian. C aracterizarea ei pe parcursul piesei este realizat„ÂÆ' prin apelul la modalit„ÂÆ'Â…Â £i de caracterizare diverse. ÂÆ'ÂŽn primul rÂÆ' ¢nd, prin caracterizarea direct„ÂÆ', realizat„ÂÆ' de autor prin intermediul didascaliilor, personajul apare ca fiind o fiinÂ…Â £Ã‚„ÂÆ' "de o frumuseÂ…Â £e tulbur„ÂÆ'toare, mistuit„ÂÆ' de secrete grele", "hiperemotiv„ÂÆ', cu o imaginaÂ…Â £ie dezordonat„ÂÆ'", "prada tuturor obsesiilor, cu dorinÂ…Â £e neÂÆ' ®mp„ÂÆ'cate, deviate." Prin procedeul caracteriz„ÂÆ'rii indirecte, din acÂ…Â £iuni …Ÿi atitudini exprimate sau sugerate de personaj, Maria se dovede…Ÿte a fi frivol„ÂÆ', nestatornic„ÂÆ', (la fel ca …Ÿi Ela Gheorghidiu ) …Ÿi nu poate ÂÆ' ®nÂ…Â £elege zbuciumul interior al b„ÂÆ'rbatului iubit. Slab„ÂÆ' …Ÿi puternic„ÂÆ' ÂÆ' ®n acela…Ÿi timp, fatal„ÂÆ', misterioas„ÂÆ', imprevizibil„ ÂÆ', ea se autocaracterizeaz„ÂÆ' pornind de la motivul dublului, motiv pe baza c„ÂÆ'ruia este construit„ÂÆ' ÂÆ' ®n fapt, ÂÆ' ®ntreaga pies„ÂÆ': "GÂÆ' ¢ndesc uneori c„ÂÆ' sunt ÂÆ' ®n mine dou„ÂÆ' fiinÂ…Â £e: una josnic„ÂÆ', m„ÂÆ'rginit„ÂÆ' …Ÿi la…Ÿ„ÂÆ', care a primit s„ÂÆ' i se dea de b„ÂÆ'rbat un om pe care nu-l iubea [...] …Ÿi alta care sufer„ÂÆ', care plÂÆ' ¢nge...care sÂÆ' ¢ngereaz„ÂÆ' pentru toate josniciile celelalte."Toate celelalte personaje ale dramei contribuie la evoluÂ…Â £ia personajului principal, sugerÂÆ' ¢ndu-i acestuia o serie de antinomii ale gÂÆ' ¢ndirii.Maria Sine…Ÿti se afl„ÂÆ', la nivel simbolic, ÂÆ' ®ntr-un raport complex cu personajul principal. Acesta din urm„ÂÆ' este pus s„ÂÆ' aleag„ÂÆ' ÂÆ' ®ntre a crede sau nu ÂÆ' ®n dragostea Mariei, care, surprins„ÂÆ' odinioar„ÂÆ' de acesta rÂÆ' ¢zÂÆ'à ‚ ¢nd complice cu un str„ÂÆ'in ÂÆ' ®n biblioteca unchiului s„ÂÆ'u …Ÿi p„ÂÆ'r„ÂÆ'sit„ÂÆ' de el f„ÂÆ'r„ÂÆ' nici o explicaÂ…Â £ie, …Ÿi-a luat revan…Ÿa cea mai stupid„ÂÆ' …Ÿi la ÂÆ' ®ndemÂÆ' ¢n„ÂÆ', ÂÆ' ®n…ŸelÂÆ' ¢ndu-l pe Gelu. Tehnica dramaturgului este aici de pune mereu sub semnul ÂÆ' ®ndoielii sinceritatea femeii. Gelu ÂÆ' ®nsu…Ÿi nu este sigur de valoarea juridic probat„ÂÆ' a unei scrisori de dragoste concepute de o femeie cu sufletul ÂÆ' ®ncrÂÆ' ¢ncenat de ur„ÂÆ' ÂÆ' ®mpotriva soÂ…Â £ului, care a decepÂ…Â £ionat-o …Ÿi pe care l-a ÂÆ' ®n…Ÿelat. ÂÆ'ÂŽntrebat ÂÆ' ®n ce m„ÂÆ'sur„ÂÆ' Maria l-a iubit cu adev„ÂÆ'rat, Gelu r„ÂÆ'spunde: "Cred c„ÂÆ' mai degrab„ÂÆ' l-a urÂÆ' ¢t pe el".De fapt, valoarea simbolic„ÂÆ' a personajului Maria Sine…Ÿti se rezum„ÂÆ' ÂÆ' ®n pies„ÂÆ', pe lÂÆ' ¢ng„ÂÆ' ipostaziere a feminit„ÂÆ'Â…Â £ii, la conturarea iubirii ca act existenÂ…Â £ial definitiv : "O iubire adev„ÂÆ'rat„ÂÆ' ÂÆ' ®nseamn„ÂÆ' c„ÂÆ' nu poÂ…Â £i gÂÆ' ¢ndi contrariul ei...O iubire, care nu este etern„ÂÆ', nu este nimic...".Dramei intelectuale a lui Gelu Ruscanu i se adaug„ÂÆ' a…Ÿadar, prin intermediul prezenÂ…Â £ei ÂÆ' ®n pies„ÂÆ' a Mariei Sine…Ÿti, o dram„ÂÆ' afectiv„ÂÆ', datorat„ÂÆ' imposibilit„ÂÆ'Â…Â £ii de a accepta sau respinge vinov„ÂÆ'Â…Â £ia unei femei pe care, iubind-o, el ÂÆ' ®nsu…Ÿi a ÂÆ' ®mpins-o spre minciun„ÂÆ' …Ÿi adulter, dar ale c„ÂÆ'rei erori reale sau numai b„ÂÆ'nuite, b„ÂÆ'rbatul nu le poate tolera, nici uita. Ea reprezint„ÂÆ' erosul dramatic …Ÿi dramatizat, este unul dintre personajele cu ajutorul c„ÂÆ'ruia Gelu "a v„ÂÆ'zut idei" …Ÿi a avut revelaÂ…Â £iile devastatoare ale inadaptabilit„ÂÆ'Â…Â £ii. Rolul ei este a…Ÿadar nu atÂÆ' ¢t al unui personaj tulburat ÂÆ' ®n aceea…Ÿi m„ÂÆ'sur„ÂÆ' ca …Ÿi intelectualul Gelu Ruscanu, cÂÆ' ¢t mai ales unul de convergenÂ…Â £Ã‚„ÂÆ' cu destinul acestuia. InfluenÂ…Â £a Mariei asupra dramei lui Gelu nu este una asumat„ÂÆ', ci una dobÂÆ' ¢ndit„ÂÆ' prin intermediul spiritul analitic al personajului principal.Structura de profunzime a personajelor din Jocul ielelor, a…Ÿadar …Ÿi a Mariei Sine…Ÿti, se va reg„ÂÆ'si, ÂÆ' ®n contexte diferite …Ÿi la alte personaje din opera scriitorului (Alta Gralla , Ela Gheorghidiu, etc. ).Din punct de vedere al tehnicii teatrale, piesa lui Camil Petrescu ridic„ÂÆ' reale dificult„ÂÆ'Â…Â £i de reprezentare scenic„ÂÆ', deoarece "dramaturgul ÂÆ' ®ncerc„ÂÆ' s„ÂÆ' exprime ÂÆ' ®n planul concret al spaÂ…Â £iului scenei mutaÂ…Â £ iile de ordin l„ÂÆ'untric ale unei con…ŸtiinÂ…Â £e, deci o lume ideal„ÂÆ', abstract„ÂÆ'."Autorul ÂÆ' ®nsu…Ÿi vorbe…Ÿte despre complexitatea spectacolului dramatic, ca …Ÿi de dificultatea reprezentare a unor personaje (la fel cum sunt …Ÿi Gelu Ruscanu …Ÿi Maria Sine…Ÿti), ÂÆ' ®n teza de doctorat publicat„ÂÆ' ÂÆ' ®n 1937, Modalitatea estetic„ÂÆ' a teatrului.Bibliografie:Opere:1. Petrescu, Camil, Jocul ielelor, Ed. Minerva, Bucure…Ÿti, 19762. Petrescu, Camil, Act veneÂ…Â £ian, Ed. Minerva, Bucure…Ÿti, 19833. Petrescu , Camil, Ultima noapte de dragoste, ÂÆ' ®ntÂÆ' ¢ia noapte de r„ÂÆ'zboi, Ed. Gramar, Bucure…Ÿti, 19984. Petrescu, Camil, Modalitatea estetic„ÂÆ' a teatrului, Ed. Enciclopedic„ÂÆ', Bucure…Ÿti, 1971Critic„ÂÆ':1. Ghidirmic, Ovidiu, Camil Petrescu sau patosul lucidit„ÂÆ'Â…Â £ii, Ed. Scrisul romÂÆ' ¢nesc, Craiova, 19752. Pal eologu, Al., Spiritul …Ÿi opera, Ed, Eminescu, Bucure…Ÿti 19703. Zaharia Filipa…Ÿ, Elena, Retoric„ÂÆ' …Ÿi semnificaÂ…Â £ie, Ed. Paideia, bucure…Ÿti, 1993

Free Essays on Humanity And Computers

Hiding behind a Computer Are computers and the Internet redefining human identity as people explore the boundaries of their personalities, adopt multiple selves, and form online relationships that can be more intense than real ones? Is the World Wide Web redefining our sense of community and where we find our peers? The answer is simple. An individual should not use a false identity to produce a life on the Internet. They should also avoid using an online life to influence their identity in real life. Gender swapping is one way which the Internet has the ability to change ones identity. There have been many cases where someone has logged onto the Internet, and they have presented their identity as the opposite sex from what they really are. There is no way of knowing what sex someone is when he or she is logged in. The net is made up of hundreds of thousands of separate communities, each with its own special character. It is difficult to eliminate a certain sex from a specific community when people have the power to disguise themselves. Communication in cyberspace lets people explore their personalities by creating new on-line personae. This seems to be the main concern for frequent Internet users. A significant observation is the amount of men that will log on as women. Jodi Obrien put it best when she states, "Many men say that a common motivation for logging on as a female is because they are fascinated by the unusual amount of attention they receive from other men when they ar e perceived as women" (echonyc.com/~women/Issue17/art-obrien.html). The one major concern that comes to mind is "cyber-rape." It is apparent what kind of effect this has on people when Amy Bruckman, a doctoral student in the MIT Media Laboratory, states, "Unwanted attention and sexual advances create an uncomfortable atmosphere for women in MUDs, just as they do in real life" (Bruckman, 101). A MUD is defined as a multi-user dungeon or a multi... Free Essays on Humanity And Computers Free Essays on Humanity And Computers Hiding behind a Computer Are computers and the Internet redefining human identity as people explore the boundaries of their personalities, adopt multiple selves, and form online relationships that can be more intense than real ones? Is the World Wide Web redefining our sense of community and where we find our peers? The answer is simple. An individual should not use a false identity to produce a life on the Internet. They should also avoid using an online life to influence their identity in real life. Gender swapping is one way which the Internet has the ability to change ones identity. There have been many cases where someone has logged onto the Internet, and they have presented their identity as the opposite sex from what they really are. There is no way of knowing what sex someone is when he or she is logged in. The net is made up of hundreds of thousands of separate communities, each with its own special character. It is difficult to eliminate a certain sex from a specific community when people have the power to disguise themselves. Communication in cyberspace lets people explore their personalities by creating new on-line personae. This seems to be the main concern for frequent Internet users. A significant observation is the amount of men that will log on as women. Jodi Obrien put it best when she states, "Many men say that a common motivation for logging on as a female is because they are fascinated by the unusual amount of attention they receive from other men when they ar e perceived as women" (echonyc.com/~women/Issue17/art-obrien.html). The one major concern that comes to mind is "cyber-rape." It is apparent what kind of effect this has on people when Amy Bruckman, a doctoral student in the MIT Media Laboratory, states, "Unwanted attention and sexual advances create an uncomfortable atmosphere for women in MUDs, just as they do in real life" (Bruckman, 101). A MUD is defined as a multi-user dungeon or a multi...

The Job Interviews 7 Deadly Sins

The Job Interviews 7 Deadly Sins Think you know exactly what it takes to land your dream job? Maybe you do. But do you also know what it will take to wind up eliminated from consideration? Unfortunately, even the most qualified candidates can sometimes make the wrong impression †¦ .and cost themselves a job in the process. Don’t fall prey to these seven deadly job hunting â€Å"sins.† 1. The Mass EmailBlindly sending out resume after resume to every job you see not only reeks of desperation, but is also a waste of your time. Sure, versatility is an admirable trait, but so is the ability to play to your strength. Hiring managers value flexibility, but they also prize focus. Not to mention: casting a wide net hauls up as many old fisherman’s boots as it does treasure.The more refined your job search and targeted your resume and cover letter, the more likely you are to hit on the keywords recruiters are looking for in order to advance to the next round.2. Stretching the TruthYes, your resume s hould present you in your very best light. However, it should also present your skills, experience and interests accurately. Even worse than a shoddy or incomplete resume for a hiring manager? One that misrepresents a candidate.Avoid exaggerating your background and/or skill set. Even if you make it past the recruiter, the longer-term consequences of fudging the truth on your resume can be dire if your employee finds out.3. Carelessness CountsIf you think being a few minutes late is no big deal, think again. Not only does showing up late for an interview convey disrespect for the interviewer, but it also demonstrates poor time management. If possible, do a test run before an interview to find out how long transit, parking, walking, etc. will take.Carelessness in appearance is also a deal-breaker for many employers. Keep the old adage in mind: â€Å"Dress for the job you want, not the job you have.† Select your interview outfit at least a day in advance. Is it clean? Pressed? Appropriate? As much as you might like to think that appearance doesn’t matter as much as skill, you will be judged on your appearance. Make sure to take a quick look in the mirror before you walk out the door.4. Lack of PreparationThe internet puts a wealth of information at the fingers of the average job searcher. Failure to use this information is an enormous and often unforgivable oversight. Take time in advance to research the company, industry, and even your interviewer. And be prepared to ask questions. Knowledge and curiosity both demonstrate the above-and-beyond qualities sought by today’s employers.5. Failure to Follow UpThe job interview doesn’t end when you walk out the door. Even if your interview was a slam dunk, you might end up fouling out of the game if you don’t send a thank you note. In fact, 59 percent of HR managers believe that it’s â€Å"very helpful† for promising job candidates to follow up with a thank you note afte r an interview.While a handwritten note on a piece of monogrammed stationery has timeless appeal, 87 percent of hiring managers now believe that email is an acceptable means of expressing your gratitude.How long do you have to send your thank you? Today’s job cycle can move quickly: within 24 hours is ideal.6. No NetworkingNetworking remains an essential part of the job hunt, but it’s an active process, not a passive one. if you attend networking events, make time for one-on-one interactions; these are far more meaningful than group settings.With the rise of social networking, job seekers have 24/7 opportunities for networking. Make sure your social media presence is appropriate and appealing. A quick Google search on your own name can turn up any areas of concern.If you don’t yet have a LinkedIn profile, get one: approximately 93 percent of hiring managers check out LinkedIn when looking for qualified candidates.7. A Single-Pronged ApproachToday’s job hu nt is anything but the linear process it was 20 years ago. There are many channels through which job seekers can interact with recruiting managers. A multi-pronged approach incorporating everything from networking at industry meetings to job boards.

Urbanized film by Gary Hustwit 'summary' Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Urbanized film by Gary Hustwit 'summary' - Essay Example The importance of maintaining a proper balance between the natural beauty and the construction of infrastructure is also highlighted in the movie. Urbanized explains the fact that the movement of people to cities has highly increased over the years. It presents the viewer with the fact that by the year 2050, 75 percent of the people of the world would be residing in cities. This reveals the drastic increase in comparison to the year 2010 where it was seen that 50 percent of the world’s population was in cities. With the presentation of the statistics, the maker of the movie tries to explain the importance of the proper construction and maintenance of cities as most of the world’s population would be residing in them. The movie presents the fact that good and effective constructions programs in the cities can help the people living in the city overcome their miseries and live in a better environment. The movie shows the viewer the different cities across the globe to explain the importance of proper construction and architectural strategies for the maintenance of cities. It takes the viewer to the poor, unhygienic conditions of cities like Mumbai in India to show the poor slum conditions prevailing in the cities and very low standards of sanitation and public health as up to 600 people need to use a one washroom. On the other hand, Huswit takes us to Santiego in Chile where proper planning by Alejandro Aravena who is an architect by profession has led to the designing of a housing scheme for people who are non-affording so that they have a better standard of living. He contrasts and compares different cities to indicate the impact that proper planning and construction can have on the living stand ards of the people. Gary Huswit uses his movie â€Å"Urbanized† to explain to the audiences that proper architectural designing, good schemes as well maintenance of sanitation and infrastructure is central to the proper running of a

The advantages and disadvantages of Tilling as a technique in plant Essay

The advantages and disadvantages of Tilling as a technique in plant breeding - Essay Example It is a technology that used in molecular biology to directly identify mutations in genes. These technologies have their advantages that make them suitable for adoption and use by human life as well as disadvantages that make them a hazard to human life. This paper, therefore, seeks to establish the advantages and disadvantages of TILLING in plant breeding. TILLING is a molecular biology procedure that uses chemicals and x-rays to bring about undirected point mutations in a plant genome. This is usually the first step in the process. The second step involves an analysis of DNA which aids in the selection of plants that have a mutation that contains the desired gene (Schmidt et al 2011). The method combines a standard and an equally effective technique of mutagenesis with the use of a chemical mutagen such as Ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) that contains a sensitive DNA screening method to which identifies point mutations in a target gene. This process of plant breeding may include mutation effects that may include gene deactivation and sub sequent reverse crossing with other varieties. This results with a plant that has the desirable mutation such as an amylase free potato. Some biotechnology critics such as Greenpeace have done ‘acceptance’ tests on TILLING method and have cited a large difference in genetic engineering. Some of the advantages of this biological process are; This means that the process can be applied on virtually every organism. This is because it entails modifying the molecular unit of heredity in a living organism. Therefore, plants can grow with a certain desired characteristic. This can be used to fight hunger by increasing food production. Another great advantage of TILLING in plant breeding is that the method its adaptability to high throughput genotyping. This is because it allows choosing appropriate technology for the intended goals and stage of an experiment. The method allows for the independence of the

Finding and Evaluating Business Opportunities Case Study - 1

Finding and Evaluating Business Opportunities - Case Study Example From a detailed case study, it is identified that original KIPP schools in Huston and New York are successful. Huston and New York schools enrolled approximately 300 and 200 students respectively by the end of 1998. It was a great achievement in the American educational history since majority students had been giving little attention to their education till that period. The KIPP schools admit children by blind lottery without considering their prior achievement, special education needs, or bilingual status. In addition, this program forces the parents and students to sign KIPP commitment forms and documents that clearly define various duties and responsibilities of teachers, students, and parents. These practices are the most notable elements of their operational model that set them apart from standard schools. However, the efficient management strategies raised the KIPP schools to the position of charter schools that they received funding and oversight directly from Texas Education Agency. The KIPP schools possess a good culture as the sustained commitment of students, teachers, and parents became the hallmark of the schools. As a result, the school management could ensure the active participation of parents in this education program. Academic discipline is one of the most prominent qualities that the KIPP schools managements do not like to compromise with. In addition to the academic growth, the KIPP schools also aim at the overall development of each student as an individual. The schools give great emphasis on the recruitment of qualified teachers, and it has largely contributed to the overall success of the KIPP schools. The teachers are given the freedom to practice their own instructional styles and techniques and that makes the KIPP schools different from other public schools. However, above all, the creative strategic formulation of Mike Feinberg and David Levin was the central factor that intensified the rapid growth of KIPP schools. II. In my opinion, KIPP schools must be replicated since their initial ventures were successful. Although, the replication strategy assists the KIPP schools to expand largely, this process would raise numerous challenges to the management. For instance, Feinberg and Levin faced a series of challenges when they planned to launch their middle school program. They engaged in different phases of negotiations in order to get legal sanction from authorities. The same issue may become a barrier to KIPP school replication program also. While carrying out the proposed program, it is necessary to recruit new principals and train them efficiently. It would be a cumbersome task for Feinberg and Levin to ensure improved training packages for these new recruits. Presently, revenue for both schools is gained from public funds controlled either by school districts or state agencies. Since major portion of KIPP schools’ economic needs are financed by governmental authorities, the KIPP schools do not face finan cial crisis. However, the replicated schools may not get adequate financial assistance from government and such a situation would adversely affect this program. Lack of building facilities may also mitigate the effectiveness of new replication program. In addition, the new replication program would meet difficulty in recruiting sufficient fresh batches of fifth graders. Although the initial KIPP school programs are successful, if the students do not give enough priority to their education, it may adversely affect the basic objective of the proposed program. III. It is advisable for Feinberg, Levin, and Hamilton to design a specific path for the implementation of the proposed p

Analytical Argument Ford Mustang Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analytical Argument Ford Mustang - Assignment Example The bold and loud design was an acknowledgment of the rebel hippy culture that was in vogue(Kleihauer). The colors of the cars are to this day a reflection of the strong American pop culture. The automakers found a creative way to incorporate the youthful 60’s counterculture into the rumbling machismo of the Mustang. These underlying currents are vividly visible in the verbal and visual texts regarding Ford Mustang over the years. There haven’t been many drastic changes in the car's design, accept a few, over the past 48 years reflecting a consistency of belief of the American culture in qualities such as Strength and Speed. The Ford Mustang came out amongst a publicity blitz with the print and the TV media ablaze with its advertisements. On Memorial Day, in the same year, a white Mustang with blue dorsal racing stripes leads the field(Mustang). It was a strong visual text for the millions of people who saw the picture of the muscle car painted out in national colors which reflected the fascination of the Americans with strength. In the first verbal example, the Mustang is referred to as the stuff dreams are made of. This was the first official commercial of the car, but the point to ponder here is how this verbal text molds the mind of an average man into believing that a sports car is what defines his dreams. The American perception of luxury was defined by the unprecedented success of the Mustang in its initial years. It did not hold any economic significance as it was not fuel consumption friendly nor of much domestic use. But marketers carefully targeted the youth through their verbal text b propagating the idea of independence to live the dream life of adventure and freedom. Â  

Clinical Depression Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Clinical Depression - Essay Example In men the symptoms are found to be depressed mood, loss of interest in activities that give enjoyment, changing appetite, feelings of guilt, helplessness, suicidal intention, loss of interest in career, changing jobs, etc In women the symptoms are found to be sudden loss and gain of weight, physical pains and aches, emotional behavior, crying etc. However the loss of appetite and feeing of sadness and suicidal ideation are found to be seen as common for both men and women. The website called Healthyplace.com [2006] has found that â€Å"While women may cry, become withdrawn and gain or lose weight, men may abuse alcohol or drugs, work or eat exclusively and or become violent to themselves or others, among other things† This clinical depression is otherwise called as the major depression. People get a feeling of sadness continuously. It seems to attack people of the age group 25-50. But recent studies over the topic says that it might people at any age. Clinical depression exists in an individual for about six to nine months. But if not treated it might take a long journey and leave such prolonged stay might attribute to the abnormalities in the body condition. The causes are found to be ambiguous, but scientists have analyzed that genetics, biological and psychological reasons could be added to the cause for depression. Stress is discovered to be the major cause for this disease. This stress might arise form an individuals’ social and occupational and other areas of functioning. The chance of psychological effect over the development of this disease seem to be less as there are other causes that might contribute to the disease. The biological reason is that of the dysfunction of the neurotransmitters. These neurotransmitters transmit signals between the cells in the brains. The chemical imbalance that occurs in the neurotransmitters leads to the depression. The level of the neurotransmitters affects the mood of

Analytical Argument Ford Mustang Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analytical Argument Ford Mustang - Assignment Example The bold and loud design was an acknowledgment of the rebel hippy culture that was in vogue(Kleihauer). The colors of the cars are to this day a reflection of the strong American pop culture. The automakers found a creative way to incorporate the youthful 60’s counterculture into the rumbling machismo of the Mustang. These underlying currents are vividly visible in the verbal and visual texts regarding Ford Mustang over the years. There haven’t been many drastic changes in the car's design, accept a few, over the past 48 years reflecting a consistency of belief of the American culture in qualities such as Strength and Speed. The Ford Mustang came out amongst a publicity blitz with the print and the TV media ablaze with its advertisements. On Memorial Day, in the same year, a white Mustang with blue dorsal racing stripes leads the field(Mustang). It was a strong visual text for the millions of people who saw the picture of the muscle car painted out in national colors which reflected the fascination of the Americans with strength. In the first verbal example, the Mustang is referred to as the stuff dreams are made of. This was the first official commercial of the car, but the point to ponder here is how this verbal text molds the mind of an average man into believing that a sports car is what defines his dreams. The American perception of luxury was defined by the unprecedented success of the Mustang in its initial years. It did not hold any economic significance as it was not fuel consumption friendly nor of much domestic use. But marketers carefully targeted the youth through their verbal text b propagating the idea of independence to live the dream life of adventure and freedom. Â  

Conducting A Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

Conducting A Strategic Management - Essay Example These entrepreneurs are very crucial factors for economic growth and development as they lead the entire society to the future growth and prospects. Every successful entrepreneur is having some distinct features but there are certain common qualities that must be present in each entrepreneur. Many scholars and researchers have studied the nature and traits of entrepreneurs and they have identified a number of such skills. However, some of the essential traits are leadership, initiatives, planner, risk bearer, opportunity explorer, creative, specific & clear goals etc (Kumar, 2008, p.38-39). There are a number of role models of an ideal entrepreneurs can be found from the past and present evidences. Some of the very popular and successful entrepreneurs are like Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, Mark Zuckerberg, Walt Disney, Rupert Murdoch etc and many more. These people have set examples before emerging entrepreneurs and they are also great source of motivation for the society. Some of the comm on qualities in these entrepreneurs are that; they are good planners, they innovative and creative; and they have brought multiple social benefits through their innovation. In the process of starting a new venture, planning is the second most important task after generating a viable and feasible business idea. Success rate of new start-up venture is quite low. The following data shows the survival rate of new venture within one year. Figure 1: One Year Survival Rates by Firm Size (Source: Timmons and Spinelli, 2009, p.86) Considering the above table, a new business is always exposed to multiple risks, and as due to its vulnerable nature it becomes very difficult to cope with the existing competitive business environment. Therefore, before establishing a new venture, it necessary to develop a realistic and effective business plans. A business plan includes a detailed projection of the business consisting of marketing plan, operational plan, human resource plan and financial plan etc. For enhancing the probability of the success rate all these planning must be logical and feasible. In this process, it becomes very necessary to conduct the preliminary research tasks to explore the opportunities and identify expected threats. Moreover, business plan is also required for many purposes. Firstly, a new business venture requires a significant amount of capital and its major sources are prospective investors and creditor s. A comprehensive and effective business plan also includes the financial projection like future income and financial growth etc and it helps to attract investors and creditors. Secondly, it also helps in acquiring legal licenses as it described the nature of business and its environmental impact. Thirdly, a detailed business plan is required for risk management (Covello and Hazelgren, 2006, p.21-24). Before preparing a business plan it is necessary to analyse the market and economic condition based to the business idea. This paper will attempt to present market research for starting the new venture and will also present financial

Parting The Waters Essay Example for Free

Parting The Waters Essay The book â€Å"Parting the Waters† by Taylor Branch not only highlights the life and times of Martin Luther King Jr. , but also shows the parallel course Kings life took with the civil rights movement and even before it. This book provides a historical look at the Civil Rights Movement from 1964 to 1963. The first half of the book shows the origins of the civil rights movement parallel to that of the life of Martin Luther King Jr. Some of the significant points raised by branch were as follows: The â€Å"birth† of the black preacher, John Rockefellers endowment, Kings early education and the immediate cause of the civil rights movement. Following their emancipation from slavery, the African-American peoples journey to freedom has actually begun. Despite the complete abolition of slavery, segregation took its place as most whites, especially from the South, found it hard to accept former slaves as equals and still sought to marginalize the black people. It was only in the church that blacks found leaders who were of strong character and would be the launch pad on their crusade for equality. As W. E. B. DuBois put it, the preacher is â€Å"the most unique personality developed by the Negro† (quoted in Branch 3). Next would be a footnote in the history of origins of the civil rights movement with the involvement of tycoon and philanthropist John D. Rockefeller whose involvement in the advancement of the African-Americans was attributed to his wife, Laura Spelman whose family were known abolitionists of the antebellum and civil war era. Because of this, Rockefeller provided an endowment for the creation of a school for blacks which would be named after his wifes family (Spelman College) in Atlanta, once the heart of the Confederacy. The significance of these two circumstances would be that Martin Luther Kings maternal grandfather, and his father were preachers and his maternal grandmother Jennie Parks and his mother Alberta were students of Spelman College, therefore, a beneficiary of Rockefellers philanthropy (Branch 30). The education of his parents enabled the younger King to live a relatively comfortable life compared to other blacks who were not as fortunate as his family and lived in virtually a hand-to-mouth existence because segregation denied them the opportunities to better their lives. Kings education took him to Pennsylvania where he was exposed to liberal education that made him feel like an equal. He began his first public ministry at the age of 25, at the time the Supreme Court, the the Brown vs. Board ruling outlawed segregation in schools. But this was only the tip of the proverbial iceberg. The catalyst of the civil rights movement began when Rosa Parks, a seamstress from Montgomery, Alabama, was arrested for refusing to give up her seat at the bus. This incident had prodded King to take the lead in the civil rights movement and thereby set the course he took which would irrevocably change his life (Branch 150). In the second half of the book. It covers the crusade Martin Luther King had now taken up and led following his political baptism of fire, from the twilight of the Eisenhower years , the advancement of John F, Kennedy and eventually the dawning of the New South. Taking a leaf from Gandhis passive resistance approach, King endured sufferings and humiliations yet he took it in stride in the same manner as Christ and persevered. Under such conditions the U. S. Congress passed the Civil Rights Act, which ensures that all people born in the United States are accorded equal protection law and that race could not be used as a condition to deprive them of their civil rights (Branch 303). All in all, Parting the Waters proved to be an excellent start in the 3-volume history of the civil rights movement by Branch who would follow it up with â€Å"Pillar of Fire† and â€Å"At Canaans Edge. † One would notice that the titles allude to the history of the Hebrews as told in the book of Exodus in the Bible. Branch was somehow able to draw a parallelism of the odyssey of the Hebrews to that of the African-Americans on their quest for real freedom and equality. Works Cited Branch, Taylor. Parting the Waters. America in the King Years: 1954-63. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1989.

The Manager Of Subway Supacenta On Improving Management

The Manager Of Subway Supacenta On Improving Management Subway SupaCenta Manukau wanted to explore and research about the possible factors that are influencing the customer service satisfaction. The research report included the current trends and circumstances that may or may not affect the performance of the Subway SupaCenta. The researcher did a pilot study to explore and examine the possible problems and factors that has adverse effects on the overall customer service satisfaction. After a preliminary study some general problems were found like communication among staff members and with the customers, unreliable suppliers, lack of motivation among staff members, cultural differences, wastage of food etc. All these problems lead to poor customer service and ends up with many customer complaints because the customers were not satisfied with the service provided by the staff members. After a thorough study, author identifies the main problem as lack of motivation in staff members. Author used quantitative as well as qualitative techniques to investigate more about these problems. The author used many methods to research about all the problems. The main techniques used by the author are document analysis, questionnaires, observations, interviews. Document analysis provides a lot more information about the working schedules, operations manual and sales. The author was able to work on these documents to analyze the current situation. Questionnaires were used to get the information from customers. Interviews were conducted with manager and assistant manager to get more information from top level. So the overall problem identification research was conducted with the use of various techniques and methods and various management theories were used in the whole process. In the end conclusions were drawn based on the findings and relevant recommendations were provided. Introduction The Setting Subway SupaCenta is a fast food restaurant located in SupaCenta in Manukau. Subway is very popular because of the healthy food products. It is growing rapidly in the country and whole world. It is famous for the fresh food products made in front of the customers with a quick and friendly customer service. Subway is in a high demand for health conscious people. At the time of this high demand among people, Subway is struggling because of various internal and external problems that trigger the poor customer service. The author selected this organization to examine the issues and factors that create the problems and affect the overall performance. This investigation examines the administration, management and staff level factors that cause adverse effects on the overall organization performance. The Business Problem The business problem is identified as lack of motivation among the staff members which cause the poor customer service. All the other problems like communication, wastage of food, cultural differences are interlinked with the motivation problem and organizational structure. This business problem involves the organization culture, routine work, management etc. Motivation Problem (Poor Customer Service) Communication Problem Wastage of Food Shortage of Staff Cultural Differences Miscellaneous Problems Figure 1. Factors affecting Customer Service This research is completed by answering the below given questions. These questions are suitable and relevant to the organization and identified problem. There is a huge opportunity to investigate and find out the possible solutions and recommendations: What are the organizational factors that influence the performance of the staff members? What are the process factors which contribute to the customer service? What are the motivation problems in the Subway SupaCenta? What people factors influence the customer service at Subway SupaCenta? The Value of Research The research is adequate and relevant for the organization to examine and improve the customer service satisfaction. This valuable investigation report presents the current organization procedure and policies, culture, trends and provides the possible recommendations for both internal and external factors. This research will provide the current scenario of the organization which will help the management to put extra efforts where needed. The researcher focused on all the aspects of lack of motivation which could lead to poor customer service. The author provided a clear picture of the aspects affecting the performance using various techniques and analysis. To achieve the organizational goals, management have to deal with these aspects to maximize the productivity and increase the performance. This will bring effectiveness and efficiency in the organization. The Aim and Purpose The aim of this research study is to provide the possible recommendations for the problems in Subway SupaCenta that are identified at earlier stage of this research project. The author provided the possible aspects that trigger the poor customer service which is generated by lack of motivation. Lack of motivation covers current culture, system, management, policies and procedures. The purpose of the study is to improve the customer service satisfaction by motivating the staff members. The purpose includes the possible policy implementations to achieve the desired overall performance. To improve the service, achieve the aim and fulfil the purpose, this research study tries to answer some questions: What are the possible factors affecting the customer service? Why staff members are unmotivated? When there is a need for extra efforts? Who should motivate the staff members? How the staff members will be motivated? Figure 2. Customer service in Action Methodology The Author used qualitative as well as quantitative research instruments to investigate thoroughly about the identified business problem. These instruments provide the logical and analytical information about the current situation. In this research report, author used the below given research instruments: 1. Document Analysis 2. Questionnaires 3. Observation 4. Interviews The methodology and research instruments used in this research report are quite relevant to find out the problem factors and other things that influence the customer service satisfaction. 1. Document Analysis The author was able to do document analysis of company documents. In document analysis, the author research and examine the company sales figures, company operations manual, rosters, company pamphlets etc. Document analysis is very useful resource to examine the company strengths, weaknesses, and also the opportunities with possible threats. Official documents like sales figures were used to check when the company is making huge sales or when its sales are going down. Rosters were also analyzed to check that who is doing the specific shifts and if there is any biasing in the rosters etc. Operations manual of the company was also analyzed to check if the company is doing good and in the proper way as they described or not. 2. Questionnaire Questionnaire was used in this research project. Author asked for permission from the store manager of Subway before using this method. After getting the approval from manager Mr. Shea Tipene author used the questionnaire to collect the qualitative data. Two different questionnaires were prepared for staff and customers. The questionnaire was given to 4 staff members and 8 customers. The researcher especially used this method to collect information from the operational environment. The author uses the technique in a very honest way and didnt try to alter the information in any form. The questionnaires are given as appendix at the end of the report. 3. Observation The researcher used this method to explore the natural scene without any biased assumptions. The permission was taken from the manager to perform this action and he approved it. Observation helps to bring the natural activity. It gives the opportunity to examine the whole process at the level of the subject. This method helped the author to achieve a personal experience with high understanding. Observation was very helpful to get information about staff-customer relationships and also the relationships among all the staff members which shows that how they are coordinating with each other to accomplish their duties. 4. Interview Author used the interview as a technique for this research project. It is very useful to collect qualitative information through formal interviews. The researcher interviewed the manager Mr. Shea Tipene and assistant manger Mr. Jasdeep Singh. In this process, the researcher was very honest and didnt use any emotive language or biased opinion to influence the interviewee. The unstructured interview is best to use when the researcher has general ideas about the topic. Author asked the permission from the manager and assistant manager to conduct the interview. After the final approval, the author prepared the questions for interview. The author was careful while preparing the interview questions so that there are no suggestive or aggressive questions that may offend some people. Author aims to be natural at the time of interview and not the person with some special role or powers. The interview questions are given as appendix at the end of the report. Strengths and Limitations of the Study There are many strengths and limitations to this study. These are given below: Strengths: This study helps to analyze the verbal and non-verbal behaviour of staff members and customers to understand the exact situation. It helps to portray perspectives and pass on the feelings and experiences. It helps to find out the existing problems with the factors that affect the working environment. It provides the useful recommendations for the management to improve the customer service in store. Limitations: Time frame for the study was limited. It took more time to research and analyze as compared to the schedule. Qualitative study is often criticised as being biased, time consuming and useless. Lack of precision is another limitation of this study because in some cases the author may try to use their own views or biasing which could lead to wrong results. Qualitative also lacks any statistical data values which look more promising and real. Management Theory Fish-Bone Analysis The author used the Fish-bone analysis to examine the problems that causes the customer dissatisfaction. This analysis provides a clear picture of what are the key problems that cause the main big problem. This is very suitable problem solving technique because it covers all the aspects of causes that contribute to the big problem. It is very important to explore all the possible causes before starting to solve the problem. A diagram for the Cause and Effect problem solving technique is given below: Figure 3. Fish-Bone Analysis Possible causes as given above in the starting of the report that contribute to the poor customer service are lack of communication, lack of knowledge, wastage of food, lack of power. All these problems arise due to the motivation problem. Employees are not motivated and they dont feel themselves as a part of the store. So if they are not motivated they will try to avoid their responsibilities and will not like to work effectively. The given management theory is relevant for the identified business problem of lack of motivation in customer service among staff members. It is reasonably feasible and relevant to the company because the aim of the company is to provide quality food products with great service. If the customer service in the company is not up to the standards, it will affect the productivity and company will loose the profits. Lack of motivation can led to various problems like wastage of food, misbehave with customers, negative work environment etc. So the fish-bone analysis provides a clearer picture of what is actually happening in store. So this method is quite relevant and feasible to the given problem and will provide relevant results to improve the service and productivity of the store. Results and Discussion 1. Document Analysis The author used the document analysis technique to find out the reasons of problems related to the poor customer service. Staff was not feeling motivated because there are too many problems in store that lead to poor customer satisfaction. The author used the documents like rosters and Subway operations manual to find out what is main reason behind their low motivation. The author checked the roster of 4 weeks to find out how the staff members are getting hours. The roster was mainly analyzed for 4 staff members on an average to find out the result. Figure 4. Staff hours for four Weeks So the above graph shows that there is a huge difference of shifts between staff members. So some staff members getting more hours that the others that affects their performance. Here in this case Aashish is getting more hours than other staff members whereas Wini is doing an average hours but other staff members are getting less hours. The above graph represents that there is a case of biasing in giving staff hours among staff members. The staff members that are getting more hours will be more motivated than other staff members. The employee that gets less hours will feel dissatisfied and will not like to work honestly, efficiently and up-to his best possible efforts. They will not feel valued and will try to avoid their responsibilities which could lead to poor communication, poor customer service and overall poor performance. The author also used the Subway operations manual which discusses about the motivation among staff members. It describes that management should motivate staff members as much as possible to get the best out of them. If the employees are motivated they will feel valued and will work honestly and effectively to get the best results which will increase their productivity and service performance. 2. Questionnaire The author used the questionnaires to collect the qualitative information from the customers and staff members to find out the possible reasons and factors that affect the performance of the employees. The author provided two different questionnaires for staff and customers. Staff Questionnaire Answer Figure 5. Questionnaire response from Staff The results of the questionnaire shows that the employees are not satisfied with their job. They dont like the management, the salary or fairness towards all the staff members. It shows that they are not motivated and feels unhappy when performing their jobs. This whole process affects their performance which in turn decreases the productivity and customer satisfaction. Customer Questionnaire Figure 6. Questionnaire Response from Customers The customer questionnaire shows that there is big percentage of customers that are not dissatisfied with the customer service of the store. They feel de-motivated and dont like to visit the store again. Store is doing well in terms of sales because of its location but the service performance level is going down which is a big problem for the business. 3. Observation The author used observation technique to collect the qualitative data. The results of observation provide a quite big picture which shows the problem factors. This technique provides enough information about the contributing factors and their percentage. To observe the current situation of the store, the author visited the store 4 times in 2 weeks to get the multiple results. For two days author visited the store in the lunch time and for other two days he visited the store in evening just before the dinner time. Figure 7. Observation Results. So the above graph represents that there are too many problems in store that contribute to the poor customer service. Employees lacks in communication. They try to avoid customers which bring the negative feedback from customer. Employees are not trained properly and they have less knowledge about the nutritional facts of the sandwiches which is another big problem. If some customer asked for some information, the staff members are unable to provide the up to date information to that related topic. So the above graph shows that communication is the biggest problem in this store. They need to improve the communication skills to improve the overall productivity of the staff. According to the Subway operations manual, the staff members should be aware of everything that they selling so proper training is needed to improve the service All the above given factors are a result of the lack of motivation. These factors are influenced by the motivation factor. If the staff members are not motivated then they will not show willingness to learn new things and get the training about the proper policy and procedures. 4. Interviews The author conducted two different interviews with store manager Mr. Shea Tipene and assistant manager Mr. Jasdeep Singh. Formal permission was taken from the manager before interview. The interview shows that the manager Shea Tipene has the full control over the store management and employees. He likes the authoritarian approach in store. The interview questions and answers are provided in the appendices. The results of the interview with Mr. Shea Tipene represent him as an autocratic leader which makes it difficult for other employees to talk to him if they need. The results are shown as a chart below: Figure 8. Interview Results from Manager. After conducting the interview with store manager author also conducted a second interview with assistant manager Mr. Jasdeep Singh. The interview statistics shows that Mr. Jasdeep Singh is very democratic person. He loves to talk to employees and get their comments to improve the service. But he got fewer powers than store manager so in some cases he feels helpless to do some specific activity. Figure 9. Interview results from Assistant Manager. So the above graph represents that he is a democratic leader which loves to talk to employees to solve problem, improve performance and improve the overall productivity and efficiency. A List of Possible Solutions and their Consequences There are a lot of possible solutions that are useful to solve the problems of this store. A list of possible solutions and consequences is given below in a table format. No. Solutions Consequences 1 More training to staff members. Management need to spend more money. 2. Delegation of Powers. Management need to divide authority powers should provide more responsibilities and power to assistant manager. 3. Benefits and Allowances. Management need to spend more money 4. Fairness. Management should set the standard to provide a fair opportunity for everyone. So everyone should be treated equally and should get equal opportunities. 5. Education Management should provide education about customer service and provide courses through Subway University. Table 1. A List of Possible Solutions and their Consequences McGregors XY Management Theory The author used the McGregors XY Theory of management to examine and analyze the problems in Subway SupaCenta store. McGregors XY theory helps to improve the organizational cultural and development. McGregor provide fundamental approach to manage the people and businesses. This theory provides two sub theories X and Y. Some managers use theory X which is mainly authoritarian management style and some manager use theory Y which is more democratic and participative kind of management style. Figure 10. McGregors Theory X Y The management theory used in this research project is very relevant to analyze the situations in Subway. This provides the information about current management style in store and the effects of the particular management style. This theory recommends that the people can perform better if they are motivated properly by the top management. Encouraging the participation brings the motivation in employees. This theory explains that the people are not lazy by nature but if they get a right amount of motivation then they can bring the best out of them. Theory Y encourages team work, removing obstacles, providing the guidance to increase the productivity and growth. These techniques will help the organization to match the goal of the employees with organizational goals. Theory X and Theory Y are quite different from each other. Theory X is more conservative, authoritarian, rigid and static but theory Y is more flexible, dynamic and progressive with a feeling of optimism. This theory encoura ges self-direction and integration of goals. The given management XY management theory is quite relevant to the business problem. Theory X is related to more autocratic style of leadership and Theory Y is more related to democratic style. So it is quite helpful for the above given problems. It will help to find the problems and provide the relevant solutions. Evidence of Original Research The whole research process was original and personally performed by the author. He conducted interviews, provide questionnaires and observe the situation in store personally. For the evidence, there are questionnaires, interview questions and answers are given in the appendices. Conclusions Recommendations Conclusions: In the conclusion author provides the results of the whole research report. The author found out various problems in the Subway SupaCenta and was discussed in the first assignment. Out of all the problems, the author chooses one big problem as lack of motivation. These problems have further small problems that affect the overall performance. The results helped the author to get the conclusion of this report. In the conclusion, the author explains that the problem lack of motivation was the biggest problem in store. The employees are not motivated to work in the store which is the biggest problem. If the employees are not motivated they are not in a mood to listen what the manager is saying or what the customer wants. There are too many problems that affect the staff performance and overall customer service. The author used the qualitative techniques such as observation, interviews to find out the personal views of managers and customers and to observe the staff performan ce in store at various times. So in the end author defined the big problem (Lack of Motivation) with various sub-problems. Motivation Problem Lack of Fairness Lack of Communication Lack of Knowledge Lack of Training Conclusions are based on the original research conducted by the author. For the evidence, the author provided interview questions and customer satisfaction survey forms in the appendices. The Henri Fayols Management Theory The author used the Henri Fayols management theory to discuss the results, conclusions. Fayols provide 14 management principles which help the author to draw the conclusions and recommendations. These principles are given below: Division of Work Staff should be divided into department to increase the output. Authority Managers should use their powers with responsibility. Discipline Discipline is very important in the organization. Unity of Command Employees should have only one direct supervisor. Unity of Direction Employees with the similar objective should be working under one manager. This will increase the coordination. Subordination of Individual Interests to the General Interest The personal interests should be second and companys interests should be first. Remuneration Employees should get a good remuneration for their performance. Centralization The employees should be close enough to the result-making authorities. Scalar Chain Staff members should be aware of their place in the company. Order Management should provide safe and clean working environment. Equity Managers should treat all the employees equally. Stability of Tenure of Personnel Managers needs to work on the employee turn over to increase the productivity at the same time increasing the performance. Initiative Employees should be able to perform some tasks by their own. This will increase their confidence. So managers should be using laissez-faire style for some level. Esprit de Corps Organizations should work hard to promote the team work and unity. Recommendations: In the end, the author provides some recommendations to the management so that they work on it to improve the staff performance to overall increase the productivity. Recommendations are relevant, feasible and practical. Some of the recommendations are given below: Training: Management should provide more training to the staff members to get the best out of them. Training will improve their knowledge. Fairness: Staff should be treated equally with fairness. This will help them to feel attached to the company. Improve Communication: The Communication problem was the biggest problem among employees. This will help them to be confident and they will be more friendly with the customers. Delegation: Delegation of powers is another main factor that will help to divide the powers among employees. This will help them to feel more motivated and valued for the company. Benefits to employees: Benefits are the biggest motivators for everyone. Management should set a standard that if the employees are working up to that standard then they will get some extra benefits and allowances. Bigger Store: The management should try to get a bigger place for the store because some customers had given the feedback about that. So that will help to increase the sales. References: http://www.vectorstudy.com/management_theories/theory_X_and_Y.htm http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/henri-fayol.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishikawa_diagram http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMC_03.htm http://www.learnmanagement2.com/fishboneanalysiscauseandeffect.htm http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/leader/leadstl.html http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_84.htm